ทำรายการคำศัพท์ (คำยาก) จากบทอ่าน อย่างน้อย 100 คำ ระบุชนิดคำ ความหมาย ทั้งภาษาอังกฤษและภาษาไทย (เลือกชนิดคำและความหมายที่ตรงกันกับบทความ)

Why Kids' Exercise Matters Less Than We Think

The logic seems pretty simple: if you eliminate gym class, school kids will get fatter. In 2006, a blue-ribbon commission released a worried report about the precipitous decline of physical education in schools since the early '90s, coinciding with a ballooning rate of obesity in kids. Both Democrats and Republicans have latched onto that argument to criticize school districts for eliminating P.E. in order to spend more to meet the rigorous testing standards of 2001's No Child Left Behind Act. Even G.O.P. Senator John Cornyn, a Texan who despises most government spending, has bragged about his support for a federal program that gives grants to schools for P.E. classes. Congress has appropriated more than $320 million for the grants.
But could it be that the underlying assumption behind the program is wrong? Last week at the European Congress on Obesity in Amsterdam, a team of researchers from Peninsula Medical School in the U.K. presented findings from a painstaking study of physical activity in 206 children ages 7 to 11 from three schools in and around Plymouth, on the southern coast of England. Kids at the first school, an expensive private academy, got an average of 9.2 hours per week of scheduled P.E. Kids at the other two schools — one in a village near Plymouth and the other an urban school — got just 2.4 hours and 1.7 hours of P.E. per week, respectively. (See nine kid foods to avoid.)
In order to understand how much actual physical activity the kids were getting, the Peninsula team had them wear ActiGraphs, light but sophisticated devices that measure not only the amount of physical movement that one's body engages in but its intensity. During four one-week periods over four consecutive school terms, the kids wore the ActiGraphs not just during school but all day (except when bathing or sleeping).
The findings are remarkable: No matter how much P.E. they got during school hours, by the end of the day, the kids from the three schools had moved around about the same amount, at about the same intensity. The kids at the fancy private school underwent significantly more physical activity before 3 p.m. than the kids at the other two schools, but overall, when you look at entire days, they got no more activity. "Once they get home, if they are very active at school, they are probably staying still a bit more because they've already expended so much energy," says Alissa Frémeaux, a biostatistician who was the primary analyst on the data. "The others are more likely to grab a bike and run around after school, or maybe join a sports club."
Frémeaux's conclusion: "Trying to force a kid to exercise may not work." Anyone who has ever been in P.E. class knows that she's right. (As a certifiable geek, I used to feign stomachaches every day so I could do my homework in the bleachers instead of play basketball.) But is there really nothing we can do to encourage kids to be more active? (See 10 dieting myths debunked.)
Frémeaux and her team did not study behavioral interventions, like programs that reward kids with videogame time if they play an hour of soccer. But her data does suggest that kids have what she calls an activity "set point" — an energy-expenditure baseline to which, over time, they will naturally revert. Despite the fact that they got roughly the same amount of exercise, the kids in the study varied widely in their metabolic health (measured through cholesterol and triglyceride levels) — factors that contribute to later risks of heart disease — but those differences appeared to owe largely to their diets, not their physical-activity levels.
Evolution is likely at work here. "If you think about how we as a species maintain body mass, you would think that nature would probably not have left the only modifiable component of energy expenditure to chance," says Frémeaux. Rather, evolution probably programs much of our willingness to be active. Sure, some people change their lives and become marathoners at age 50. But most of us don't. Our children are no different: whether they get P.E. or not, their bodies "know" how much they want to move.
Another recent study, also from England, offers support for the set-point thesis. The second research team, based at the University of Exeter, also had a group of kids (this time, 47 boys ages 8 to 10) wear ActiGraphs. The data revealed that very few of the kids — fewer than 15% — sustained any burst of moderate-to-vigorous exercise lasting even five minutes, the kind you would get playing a soccer game in a P.E. class, for instance. And yet those kids were no healthier (as measured by waist size, aerobic fitness and microvascular function) than the kids who moved around the way boys normally do — running, jumping and throwing balls in very short bursts over long periods. (Truly sedentary boys, on the other hand, are less healthy.) The authors of the study, published in the International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, conclude that kids should be encouraged to go out and play, but not necessarily be forced into regular P.E. or onto a sports team.
The new research comports with a growing body of data saying that exercise by itself has far less to do with your body mass than you think. In short, it's the calories, stupid. You can exercise all you want, which will surely make you healthier — reducing your risk of heart disease, diabetes and dementia, for instance — but unless you eat better, or less, it may do nothing to make you thin. All that money we have spent to get kids into P.E. might be better spent helping schools to serve fresh fruits and vegetables at lunch instead of tater tots.
See pictures of a diverse group of American teens.
See the top 10 fringe competitions.



ทำรายการคำศัพท์ (คำยาก) จากบทอ่าน 100 คำ

1. criticize [VT] ; วิจารณ์
2. district [VT] ; กำหนดอาณาเขต
3. rigorous [ADJ] ; อย่างแม่นยำ
4. logic [N] ; ตรรกศาสตร์
5. eliminate [VT] ; ทำให้แพ้
6. fatter [ADJ] ; ใหญ่
7. commission [N] ; ค่านายหน้า
8. precipitous [ADJ] ; ลาดชัน
9. decline [N] ; ภาวะตกต่ำ
10. physical [ADJ] ; ทางวัตถุ
11. education [N] ; การศึกษา
12. obesity [N] ; การอ้วนเกินไป
13. both [ADJ] ; ทั้งสอง
14. democrat [N] ; นักประชาธิปไตย
15. argument [N] ; การโต้แย้ง
16. criticize [VT] ; วิจารณ์
17. district [VT] ; กำหนดอาณาเขต
18. federal [N] ; สหพันธรัฐ
19. grant [N] ; เงินช่วยเหลือ
20. congress [N] ; การมีเพศสัมพันธ์
21. appropriate [VT] ; จัดสรรไว้
22. assumption [N] ; การสมมติ
23. underlying [ADJ] ; จำเป็น
24. researcher [N] ; นักวิจัย
25. painstaking [ADJ] ; อุตสาหะ
26. activity [N] ; การกระตือรือร้น
27. expensive [ADJ] ; แพง
28. village [N] ; หมู่บ้าน
29. urban [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับเมือง
30. respectively [ADV] ; ตามลำดับ
31. actual [ADJ] ; ซึ่งมีอยู่ในเวลานี้
32. get [VI] ; เข้าใจ
33. peninsula [N] ; คาบสมุทร
34. sophisticated [ADJ] ; ซึ่งมีประสบการณ์มาก
35. measure [N] ; การวัด
36. movement [N] ; กระบวนการ
37. engage [VT] ; ทำให้เริ่มทำงาน
38. remarkable [ADJ] ; ไม่ธรรมดา
39. intensity [N] ; ความเอาจริงเอาจัง
40. fancy [VT] ; จินตนาการ
41. underwent [VT] ประสบ
42. probable [ADJ] ; ที่น่าจะเป็นไปได้
43. expend [VT] ; จ่าย (เงิน) (คำทางการ)
44. energy [N] ; ความกระตือรือร้น
45. primary [N] ; สิ่งที่เป็นลำดับแรก
46. analyst [N] ; นักวิเคราะห์
47. likely [ADJ] ; ท่าทางดูดี
48. grab [N] ; การยึดเกาะ
49. conclusion [N] ; ส่วนสุดท้าย
50. exercise [N] ; การใช้
51. certifiable [ADJ] ; ที่มีการรับรองอย่างเป็นทางการว่าวิกลจริต
52. feign [VT] ; แสร้งทำ
53. stomachache [N] ; อาการปวดท้อง
54. bleachers [N] ; ที่นั่งราคาถูกในการดูกีฬา
55. encourage [VT] ; ปลุกใจ
56. bleachers [N] ; ที่นั่งราคาถูกในการดูกีฬา
57. behavioral [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับพฤติกรรม
58. intervention [N] ; การแทรกแซง
59. reward [N] ; รางวัล
60. baseline [N] ; เส้นขอบด้านหลังของสนามกีฬา
61. naturally [ADV] ; โดยกำเนิด
62. despite [PREP] ; ถึงอย่างไรก็ตาม
63. varied [ADJ] ; แตกต่างกัน
64. cholesterol [N] ; คอเลสเตอรอล
65. widely [ADV] ; อย่างกว้างขวาง
66. triglyceride [N] ; สารไตรกลีเซอไรด์มีมากเป็นโทษกับร่างกาย
67. evolution [N] ; วิวัฒนาการ
68. maintain [VT] ; รักษา
69. rather [ADV] ; ค่อนข้าง
70. health [N] ; สภาพร่างกาย
71. sedentary [ADJ] ; ซึ่งไม่เคลื่อนไหว
72. encourage [VT] ; ปลุกใจ
73. comport [VT] ; ประพฤติ
74. growing [ADJ] ; ีอย่างเพิ่มขึ้น
75. risk [N] ; ภัยอันตราย
76. dementia [N] ; โรคจิตเสื่อม (มีผลต่อความสามารถในการคิด, การจำ, การประพฤติ)
77. helping [N] กำลังช่วย
78. vegetable [N] ; ผัก
79. willingness [N] ; ความเต็มใจ
80. active [ADJ] ; ซึ่งต้องการพลังงาน
81. whether [CONJ] ; ไม่ว่าจะ...หรือไม่
82. recent [ADJ] ; เร็วๆ นี้
83. support [N] ; การช่วยเหลือ
84. based [ADJ] ; ซึ่งเป็นรากฐาน
85. university [N] ; มหาวิทยาลัย
86. data [N] ; ข้อมูล
87. reveal [VT] ; เปิดเผย
88. few [PRON] ; จำนวนน้อย
89. vigorous [ADJ] ; มีอำนาจ
90. lasting [ADJ] ; ยั่งยืน
91. factor [N] ; ตัวประกอบ (ทางคณิตศาสตร์)
92. heart [N] ; จิตใจ
93. contribute [VI] ; มีส่วนทำให้
94. disease [N] ; ปัญหา
95. level [VT] ; เครื่องมือวัดระดับ
96. fringe [N] ; ตะเข็บ
97. competition [N] ; การแข่งขัน
98. diverse [ADJ] ; ประกอบไปด้วยของหลายสิ่งหลายอย่าง
99. mass [N] ; ปริมาณมาก
100. publish [VT] ; ลงข่าว

ทำรายการคำที่มี Perfix กับรายการคำที่มี Suffix อย่าง 25 คำ

Prefix

1. Enter

2. Instrument

3. Center

4. Importantly

5. Increase

6. Development

7. Antiviral

8. Extend

9. Apply

10. Apart

11. Processing

12. Regarded

13. Extracted

14. Produce

15. Delivery

16. Prescribed

17. Required

18. Biomaterials

19. Biodegradable

20. Expected

21. Ready

22. Adapted

23. project

24. Release

25. Research

Suffix

1.Efficiency

2. Stage

3. Processing

4. Offering

5. Harming

6. Timing

7.Antivial

8. Adopting

9. Treatment

10. Instrument

11. Development

12. Nanotechnology

13. Prance

14. Targeted

15. Considerably

16. Delivery

17. Apply

18. Added

19. Harmed

20. Adapted

21. Requited

22. Targeted

23. Ready

24. Expected

25. Developing

ระบุประโยคที่มี Context clues 5ตัวอย่าง

ตัวอย่างที่มี context clues

1. The logic seems pretty simple:?
a. if you excellent gym class
b. if you dangerous gym class
c. if you eliminate gym class
d. if you significant gym class

2. criticize school districts for eliminating ...............?
a. E.P.
b. P.N.
c. N.P.
d. P.E.

3. the Peninsula team had them wear ....................,?
a. robotic
b. ActiGraphs
c. terrible
d. Hubble

4. The data revealed that very few of
a. the kids — fewer than 5% —
b. the kids — fewer than 10% —
c. the kids — fewer than 15% —
d. the kids — the other hand than 20% —

5. (Truly sedentary boys, on ............................,? are less healthy.)
a. the hand other
b. the other hand
c. the other fewer
d. the aerobic hand

ระบุรูปแบบของบทความ (Type of text organization) พร้อมยกตัวอย่างประกอบ/คำอธิบาย

There is no one single reason for the rise in obesity nor is it an overnight phenomenon, experts say. Changes in eating patterns -- like the portions of food consumed, which have grown over the last 20 years and the types of food now available, like fast food and pre-packaged meals which may be high in fats, sugars and calories -- have played a role in the weight gain, the CDC says.
Modern life has also made Americans more sedentary. "Technology has created many time and labor saving products. Some examples include cars, elevators, computers, dishwashers, and televisions. Cars are used to run short distance errands instead of people walking or riding a bicycle," the CDC says.
Meanwhile, some 41 million American kids participate in organized, extracurricular youth sports like soccer, baseball, and football, which can balance the reported drop in physical activity at school. But, proponents of increased physical activity contend that not every child is able to take part in the sometimes-expensive organized play, making physical education in schools essential.

ระบุหัวเรื่องใจความสำคัญและการตีความของบทความ

The changing health care environment focuses increasingly on prevention and on patient choice. Tomorrow's doctors must be caring and compassionate with a strong ethical code, as well as possessing a deep understanding of the scientific basis of health and disease. Above all, they will need to be confident and competent in the clinical and communication skills the role demands and be “patient-centred” in their approach.

Concerns about the Postgraduate Medical Training structures in the UK will have understandably caused anxieties in those contemplating a career in medicine. It was my privilege to lead the Independent Inquiry into Postgraduate Medical Training that reported in January 2008 to the Secretary of State for Health. The Report, ‘Aspiring to Excellence’, echoes the philosophy of the Peninsula Medical School and will inform the School’s undergraduate programme so our graduates are best equipped to succeed in their chosen postgraduate career whether that be in clinical service in the hospital or community setting like most graduates, or in research, drug development, health policy to name but a few possibilities. One facet of that preparation is the international dimension. Health is a global issue, what with air travel, immigration, health tourism and the burgeoning health problems of the developing world. Whilst focusing on the needs of the NHS the School has a robust international strategy to broaden our students’ horizons.

ตัวอย่างประโยคความเดียว ความรวม ความซ้อน อย่างละ 5 ประโยค พร้อมระบุส่วนประกอบของประโยค (Sentence elements)

ความเดียว
1 Here are three things NASA
2 Don’t ever build anything like them again
3 That area
4 but it's not the worst either
5 see picture of animals in space


ความรวม
1 Those of course
2 are nasa's three space shuttles
3 A final servicing visit to the venerable hubble space
4 During re-entry and causing it do disintegrate
5 It's not as dangerous as if it had occurred Farther back.


ความซ้อน
1 Would have been more problematic
2 If it does out that the damage is more serious than that,
3 The station is a roomy place
4 if a shuttle's underside is found to be too badly damaged to allow a safe re-entry
5 and the shuttle would never be able to pull off such a maneuver

ทำสรุปเนื้อหาเป็นภาษาอังกฤษ ( Summarizing)

Nasa cato become stop flying Atlantis Endeavour Discovery nasa three space shuttles last of the snakebit ships is finally Don't ever build anything like them againAtlantis is once again in or bit just that kind of mishap that Columbia its 7 number after the explosion of it can br to fly getting the debris problem under control loss of ColumbiaAnalysis of Atlantis tapes show a relatively small debis about the spot , butis's not the worst either, since other
The new research comports with a growing body of data saying that exercise by itself has far less to do with your body mass than you think. In short, it's the calories, stupid. You can exercise all you want, which will surely make you healthier — reducing your risk of heart disease, diabetes and dementia, for instance — but unless you eat better, or less, it may do nothing to make you thin. All that money we have spent to get kids into P.E. might be better spent helping schools to serve fresh fruits and vegetables at lunch instead of tater tots.
See pictures of a diverse group of American teens.
See the top 10 fringe competitions.